file/magic/Magdir/tplink

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# $File: tplink,v 1.7 2021/04/26 15:56:00 christos Exp $
# tplink: File magic for openwrt firmware files

# URL: https://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/techref/header
# Reference: https://git.openwrt.org/?p=openwrt.git;a=blob;f=tools/firmware-utils/src/mktplinkfw.c
# From: Joerg Jenderek
# check for valid header version 1 or 2
0		ulelong		<3
>0		ulelong		!0
# test for header padding with nulls
>>0x100		long		0
# skip Norton Commander Cleanup Utility NCCLEAN.INI by looking for valid vendor
>>>4		ubelong		>0x1F000000
# skip user.dbt by looking for positive hardware id
>>>>0x40	ubeshort	>0
>>>>>0		use		firmware-tplink

0		name		firmware-tplink
>0		ubyte		x		firmware
!:mime application/x-tplink-bin
!:ext	bin
# hardware id like 10430001 07410001 09410004 09410006
>0x40		ubeshort	x		%x
>0x42		ubeshort	x		v%x
# hardware revision like 1
>0x44		ubelong		!1		(revision %u)
# vendor_name[24] like OpenWrt or TP-LINK Technologies
>4		string		x		%.24s
# fw_version[36] like r49389 or ver. 1.0
>0x1c		string		x		%.36s
# header version 1 or 2
>0		ubyte		!1		V%X
# ver_hi.ver_mid.ver_lo
>0x98		long		!0		\b, version
>>0x98		ubeshort	x		%u
>>0x9A		ubeshort	x		\b.%u
>>0x9C		ubeshort	x		\b.%u
# region code 0~universal 1~US
>0x48		ubelong		x
#>>0x48		ubelong		0		(universal)
>>0x48		ubelong		1		(US)
>>0x48		ubelong		>1		(region %u)
# total length of the firmware. not always true
>0x7C		ubelong		x		\b, %u bytes or less
# unknown 1
>0x48		ubelong		!0		\b, UNKNOWN1 %#x
# md5sum1[16]
#>0x4c		ubequad		x		\b, MD5 %llx
#>>0x54		ubequad		x		\b%llx
# unknown 2
>0x5c		ubelong		!0		\b, UNKNOWN2 %#x
# md5sum2[16]
#>0x60		ubequad		!0		\b, 2nd MD5 %llx
#>>0x68		ubequad		x		\b%llx
# unknown 3
>0x70		ubelong		!0		\b, UNKNOWN3 %#x
# kernel load address
#>0x74		ubelong		x		\b, %#x load
# kernel entry point
#>0x78		ubelong		x		\b, %#x entry
# kernel data offset. 200h means direct after header
>0x80		ubelong		x		\b, at %#x
# kernel data length and 1 space
>0x84		ubelong		x		%u bytes 
# look for kernel type (gzip compressed vmlinux.bin by ./compress)
>(0x80.L)	indirect	x
# root file system data offset
# WRONG in 5.35 with above indirect expression
>0x88		ubelong		x		\b, at %#x
# rootfs data length and 1 space
>0x8C		ubelong		x		%u bytes 
# in 5.32 only true for offset ~< FILE_BYTES_MAX=9 MB defined in ../../src/file.h 
>(0x88.L)	indirect	x
# 'qshs' for wr940nv1_en_3_13_7_up(111228).bin
#>(0x88.L)	string		x		\b, file system '%.4s'
#>(0x88.L)	ubequad		x		\b, file system %#llx
# bootloader data offset
>0x90		ubelong		!0		\b, at %#x
# bootloader data length only reasonable if bootloader offset not null
>>0x94		ubelong		!0		%u bytes
# pad[354] should be 354 null bytes.
#>0x9E		ubequad		!0		\b, padding %#llx
# But at 0x120 18 non null bytes in examples like
# wr940nv4_eu_3_16_9_up_boot(160620).bin
# wr940nv6_us_3_18_1_up_boot(171030).bin
#>0x120		ubequad		!0		\b, other padding %#llx