file/src/apprentice.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin 1986-1995.
 * Software written by Ian F. Darwin and others;
 * maintained 1995-present by Christos Zoulas and others.
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice immediately at the beginning of the file, without modification,
 *    this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *  
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
/*
 * apprentice - make one pass through /etc/magic, learning its secrets.
 */

#include "file.h"

#ifndef	lint
FILE_RCSID("@(#)$File: apprentice.c,v 1.173 2011/12/08 12:38:24 rrt Exp $")
#endif	/* lint */

#include "magic.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#ifdef QUICK
#include <sys/mman.h>
#endif
#include <dirent.h>

#define	EATAB {while (isascii((unsigned char) *l) && \
		      isspace((unsigned char) *l))  ++l;}
#define LOWCASE(l) (isupper((unsigned char) (l)) ? \
			tolower((unsigned char) (l)) : (l))
/*
 * Work around a bug in headers on Digital Unix.
 * At least confirmed for: OSF1 V4.0 878
 */
#if defined(__osf__) && defined(__DECC)
#ifdef MAP_FAILED
#undef MAP_FAILED
#endif
#endif

#ifndef MAP_FAILED
#define MAP_FAILED (void *) -1
#endif

#ifndef MAP_FILE
#define MAP_FILE 0
#endif

struct magic_entry {
	struct magic *mp;	
	uint32_t cont_count;
	uint32_t max_count;
};

int file_formats[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
const size_t file_nformats = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;
const char *file_names[FILE_NAMES_SIZE];
const size_t file_nnames = FILE_NAMES_SIZE;

private int getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *, const char **, int);
private int hextoint(int);
private const char *getstr(struct magic_set *, struct magic *, const char *,
    int);
private int parse(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry **, uint32_t *,
    const char *, size_t, int);
private void eatsize(const char **);
private int apprentice_1(struct magic_set *, const char *, int, struct mlist *);
private size_t apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *);
private int apprentice_sort(const void *, const void *);
private void apprentice_list(struct mlist *, int );
private int apprentice_load(struct magic_set *, struct magic **, uint32_t *,
    const char *, int);
private void byteswap(struct magic *, uint32_t);
private void bs1(struct magic *);
private uint16_t swap2(uint16_t);
private uint32_t swap4(uint32_t);
private uint64_t swap8(uint64_t);
private char *mkdbname(struct magic_set *, const char *, int);
private int apprentice_map(struct magic_set *, struct magic **, uint32_t *,
    const char *);
private int apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *, struct magic **, uint32_t *,
    const char *);
private int check_format_type(const char *, int);
private int check_format(struct magic_set *, struct magic *);
private int get_op(char);
private int parse_mime(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
private int parse_strength(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
private int parse_apple(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);


private size_t maxmagic = 0;
private size_t magicsize = sizeof(struct magic);

private const char usg_hdr[] = "cont\toffset\ttype\topcode\tmask\tvalue\tdesc";

private struct {
	const char *name;
	size_t len;
	int (*fun)(struct magic_set *, struct magic_entry *, const char *);
} bang[] = {
#define	DECLARE_FIELD(name) { # name, sizeof(# name) - 1, parse_ ## name }
	DECLARE_FIELD(mime),
	DECLARE_FIELD(apple),
	DECLARE_FIELD(strength),
#undef	DECLARE_FIELD
	{ NULL, 0, NULL }
};

#ifdef COMPILE_ONLY

int main(int, char *[]);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ret;
	struct magic_set *ms;
	char *progname;

	if ((progname = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) != NULL)
		progname++;
	else
		progname = argv[0];

	if (argc != 2) {
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s file\n", progname);
		return 1;
	}

	if ((ms = magic_open(MAGIC_CHECK)) == NULL) {
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, strerror(errno));
		return 1;
	}
	ret = magic_compile(ms, argv[1]) == -1 ? 1 : 0;
	if (ret == 1)
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", progname, magic_error(ms));
	magic_close(ms);
	return ret;
}
#endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */

static const struct type_tbl_s {
	const char name[16];
	const size_t len;
	const int type;
	const int format;
} type_tbl[] = {
# define XX(s)		s, (sizeof(s) - 1)
# define XX_NULL	"", 0
	{ XX("byte"),		FILE_BYTE,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("short"),		FILE_SHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("default"),	FILE_DEFAULT,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("long"),		FILE_LONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("string"),		FILE_STRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("date"),		FILE_DATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("beshort"),	FILE_BESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("belong"),		FILE_BELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("bedate"),		FILE_BEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("leshort"),	FILE_LESHORT,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("lelong"),		FILE_LELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("ledate"),		FILE_LEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("pstring"),	FILE_PSTRING,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("ldate"),		FILE_LDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("beldate"),	FILE_BELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("leldate"),	FILE_LELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("regex"),		FILE_REGEX,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("bestring16"),	FILE_BESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("lestring16"),	FILE_LESTRING16,	FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("search"),		FILE_SEARCH,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("medate"),		FILE_MEDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("meldate"),	FILE_MELDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("melong"),		FILE_MELONG,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("quad"),		FILE_QUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
	{ XX("lequad"),		FILE_LEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
	{ XX("bequad"),		FILE_BEQUAD,		FILE_FMT_QUAD },
	{ XX("qdate"),		FILE_QDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("leqdate"),	FILE_LEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("beqdate"),	FILE_BEQDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("qldate"),		FILE_QLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("leqldate"),	FILE_LEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("beqldate"),	FILE_BEQLDATE,		FILE_FMT_STR },
	{ XX("float"),		FILE_FLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
	{ XX("befloat"),	FILE_BEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
	{ XX("lefloat"),	FILE_LEFLOAT,		FILE_FMT_FLOAT },
	{ XX("double"),		FILE_DOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
	{ XX("bedouble"),	FILE_BEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
	{ XX("ledouble"),	FILE_LEDOUBLE,		FILE_FMT_DOUBLE },
	{ XX("leid3"),		FILE_LEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("beid3"),		FILE_BEID3,		FILE_FMT_NUM },
	{ XX("indirect"),	FILE_INDIRECT,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
	{ XX_NULL,		FILE_INVALID,		FILE_FMT_NONE },
# undef XX
# undef XX_NULL
};

private int
get_type(const char *l, const char **t)
{
	const struct type_tbl_s *p;

	for (p = type_tbl; p->len; p++) {
		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0) {
			if (t)
				*t = l + p->len;
			break;
		}
	}
	return p->type;
}

private void
init_file_tables(void)
{
	static int done = 0;
	const struct type_tbl_s *p;

	if (done)
		return;
	done++;

	for (p = type_tbl; p->len; p++) {
		assert(p->type < FILE_NAMES_SIZE);
		file_names[p->type] = p->name;
		file_formats[p->type] = p->format;
	}
}

/*
 * Handle one file or directory.
 */
private int
apprentice_1(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action,
    struct mlist *mlist)
{
	struct magic *magic = NULL;
	uint32_t nmagic = 0;
	struct mlist *ml;
	int rv = -1;
	int mapped;

	if (magicsize != FILE_MAGICSIZE) {
		file_error(ms, 0, "magic element size %lu != %lu",
		    (unsigned long)sizeof(*magic),
		    (unsigned long)FILE_MAGICSIZE);
		return -1;
	}

	if (action == FILE_COMPILE) {
		rv = apprentice_load(ms, &magic, &nmagic, fn, action);
		if (rv != 0)
			return -1;
		rv = apprentice_compile(ms, &magic, &nmagic, fn);
		free(magic);
		return rv;
	}

#ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
	if ((rv = apprentice_map(ms, &magic, &nmagic, fn)) == -1) {
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "using regular magic file `%s'", fn);
		rv = apprentice_load(ms, &magic, &nmagic, fn, action);
		if (rv != 0)
			return -1;
	}

	mapped = rv;
	     
	if (magic == NULL) {
		file_delmagic(magic, mapped, nmagic);
		return -1;
	}

	if ((ml = CAST(struct mlist *, malloc(sizeof(*ml)))) == NULL) {
		file_delmagic(magic, mapped, nmagic);
		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*ml));
		return -1;
	}

	ml->magic = magic;
	ml->nmagic = nmagic;
	ml->mapped = mapped;

	mlist->prev->next = ml;
	ml->prev = mlist->prev;
	ml->next = mlist;
	mlist->prev = ml;

	if (action == FILE_LIST) {
		printf("Binary patterns:\n");
		apprentice_list(mlist, BINTEST);
		printf("Text patterns:\n");
		apprentice_list(mlist, TEXTTEST);
	}
	
	return 0;
#endif /* COMPILE_ONLY */
}

protected void
file_delmagic(struct magic *p, int type, size_t entries)
{
	if (p == NULL)
		return;
	switch (type) {
	case 2:
#ifdef QUICK
		p--;
		(void)munmap((void *)p, sizeof(*p) * (entries + 1));
		break;
#else
		(void)&entries;
		abort();
		/*NOTREACHED*/
#endif
	case 1:
		p--;
		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
	case 0:
		free(p);
		break;
	default:
		abort();
	}
}

/* const char *fn: list of magic files and directories */
protected struct mlist *
file_apprentice(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int action)
{
	char *p, *mfn;
	int file_err, errs = -1;
	struct mlist *mlist;

	if ((fn = magic_getpath(fn, action)) == NULL)
		return NULL;

	init_file_tables();

	if ((mfn = strdup(fn)) == NULL) {
		file_oomem(ms, strlen(fn));
		return NULL;
	}
	fn = mfn;

	if ((mlist = CAST(struct mlist *, malloc(sizeof(*mlist)))) == NULL) {
		free(mfn);
		file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*mlist));
		return NULL;
	}
	mlist->next = mlist->prev = mlist;

	while (fn) {
		p = strchr(fn, PATHSEP);
		if (p)
			*p++ = '\0';
		if (*fn == '\0')
			break;
		file_err = apprentice_1(ms, fn, action, mlist);
		errs = MAX(errs, file_err);
		fn = p;
	}
	if (errs == -1) {
		free(mfn);
		free(mlist);
		mlist = NULL;
		file_error(ms, 0, "could not find any magic files!");
		return NULL;
	}
	free(mfn);
	return mlist;
}

/*
 * Get weight of this magic entry, for sorting purposes.
 */
private size_t
apprentice_magic_strength(const struct magic *m)
{
#define MULT 10
	size_t val = 2 * MULT;	/* baseline strength */

	switch (m->type) {
	case FILE_DEFAULT:	/* make sure this sorts last */
		if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE)
			abort();
		return 0;

	case FILE_BYTE:
		val += 1 * MULT;
		break;

	case FILE_SHORT:
	case FILE_LESHORT:
	case FILE_BESHORT:
		val += 2 * MULT;
		break;

	case FILE_LONG:
	case FILE_LELONG:
	case FILE_BELONG:
	case FILE_MELONG:
		val += 4 * MULT;
		break;

	case FILE_PSTRING:
	case FILE_STRING:
		val += m->vallen * MULT;
		break;

	case FILE_BESTRING16:
	case FILE_LESTRING16:
		val += m->vallen * MULT / 2;
		break;

	case FILE_SEARCH:
	case FILE_REGEX:
		val += m->vallen * MAX(MULT / m->vallen, 1);
		break;

	case FILE_DATE:
	case FILE_LEDATE:
	case FILE_BEDATE:
	case FILE_MEDATE:
	case FILE_LDATE:
	case FILE_LELDATE:
	case FILE_BELDATE:
	case FILE_MELDATE:
	case FILE_FLOAT:
	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
		val += 4 * MULT;
		break;

	case FILE_QUAD:
	case FILE_BEQUAD:
	case FILE_LEQUAD:
	case FILE_QDATE:
	case FILE_LEQDATE:
	case FILE_BEQDATE:
	case FILE_QLDATE:
	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
	case FILE_DOUBLE:
	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
		val += 8 * MULT;
		break;

	default:
		val = 0;
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad type %d\n", m->type);
		abort();
	}

	switch (m->reln) {
	case 'x':	/* matches anything penalize */
	case '!':       /* matches almost anything penalize */
		val = 0;
		break;

	case '=':	/* Exact match, prefer */
		val += MULT;
		break;

	case '>':
	case '<':	/* comparison match reduce strength */
		val -= 2 * MULT;
		break;

	case '^':
	case '&':	/* masking bits, we could count them too */
		val -= MULT;
		break;

	default:
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "Bad relation %c\n", m->reln);
		abort();
	}

	if (val == 0)	/* ensure we only return 0 for FILE_DEFAULT */
		val = 1;

	switch (m->factor_op) {
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
		break;
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
		val += m->factor;
		break;
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
		val -= m->factor;
		break;
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
		val *= m->factor;
		break;
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
		val /= m->factor;
		break;
	default:
		abort();
	}

	/*
	 * Magic entries with no description get a bonus because they depend
	 * on subsequent magic entries to print something.
	 */
	if (m->desc[0] == '\0')
		val++;
	return val;
}

/*  
 * Sort callback for sorting entries by "strength" (basically length)
 */
private int
apprentice_sort(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	const struct magic_entry *ma = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, a);
	const struct magic_entry *mb = CAST(const struct magic_entry *, b);
	size_t sa = apprentice_magic_strength(ma->mp);
	size_t sb = apprentice_magic_strength(mb->mp);
	if (sa == sb)
		return 0;
	else if (sa > sb)
		return -1;
	else
		return 1;
}

/*  
 * Shows sorted patterns list in the order which is used for the matching
 */
private void
apprentice_list(struct mlist *mlist, int mode)
{
	uint32_t magindex = 0;
	struct mlist *ml;
	for (ml = mlist->next; ml != mlist; ml = ml->next) {
		for (magindex = 0; magindex < ml->nmagic; magindex++) {
			struct magic *m = &ml->magic[magindex];
			if ((m->flag & mode) != mode) {
				/* Skip sub-tests */
				while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
				       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0)
					++magindex;
				continue; /* Skip to next top-level test*/
			}

			/*
			 * Try to iterate over the tree until we find item with
			 * description/mimetype.
			 */
			while (magindex + 1 < ml->nmagic &&
			       ml->magic[magindex + 1].cont_level != 0 &&
			       *ml->magic[magindex].desc == '\0' &&
			       *ml->magic[magindex].mimetype == '\0')
				magindex++;

			printf("Strength = %3" SIZE_T_FORMAT "u : %s [%s]\n",
			    apprentice_magic_strength(m),
			    ml->magic[magindex].desc,
			    ml->magic[magindex].mimetype);
		}
	}
}

private void
set_test_type(struct magic *mstart, struct magic *m)
{
	switch (m->type) {
	case FILE_BYTE:
	case FILE_SHORT:
	case FILE_LONG:
	case FILE_DATE:
	case FILE_BESHORT:
	case FILE_BELONG:
	case FILE_BEDATE:
	case FILE_LESHORT:
	case FILE_LELONG:
	case FILE_LEDATE:
	case FILE_LDATE:
	case FILE_BELDATE:
	case FILE_LELDATE:
	case FILE_MEDATE:
	case FILE_MELDATE:
	case FILE_MELONG:
	case FILE_QUAD:
	case FILE_LEQUAD:
	case FILE_BEQUAD:
	case FILE_QDATE:
	case FILE_LEQDATE:
	case FILE_BEQDATE:
	case FILE_QLDATE:
	case FILE_LEQLDATE:
	case FILE_BEQLDATE:
	case FILE_FLOAT:
	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
	case FILE_DOUBLE:
	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
		mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
		break;
	case FILE_STRING:
	case FILE_PSTRING:
	case FILE_BESTRING16:
	case FILE_LESTRING16:
		/* Allow text overrides */
		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
		else
			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
		break;
	case FILE_REGEX:
	case FILE_SEARCH:
		/* Check for override */
		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_BINTEST)
			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
		if (mstart->str_flags & STRING_TEXTTEST)
			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
		    
		if (mstart->flag & (TEXTTEST|BINTEST))
			break;

		/* binary test if pattern is not text */
		if (file_looks_utf8(m->value.us, (size_t)m->vallen, NULL,
		    NULL) <= 0)
			mstart->flag |= BINTEST;
		else
			mstart->flag |= TEXTTEST;
		break;
	case FILE_DEFAULT:
		/* can't deduce anything; we shouldn't see this at the
		   top level anyway */
		break;
	case FILE_INVALID:
	default:
		/* invalid search type, but no need to complain here */
		break;
	}
}

/*
 * Load and parse one file.
 */
private void
load_1(struct magic_set *ms, int action, const char *fn, int *errs,
   struct magic_entry **marray, uint32_t *marraycount)
{
	size_t lineno = 0, llen = 0;
	char *line = NULL;
	ssize_t len;

	FILE *f = fopen(ms->file = fn, "r");
	if (f == NULL) {
		if (errno != ENOENT)
			file_error(ms, errno, "cannot read magic file `%s'",
				   fn);
		(*errs)++;
		return;
	}

	/* read and parse this file */
	for (ms->line = 1; (len = getline(&line, &llen, f)) != -1;
	    ms->line++) {
		if (len == 0) /* null line, garbage, etc */
			continue;
		if (line[len - 1] == '\n') {
			lineno++;
			line[len - 1] = '\0'; /* delete newline */
		}
		switch (line[0]) {
		case '\0':	/* empty, do not parse */
		case '#':	/* comment, do not parse */
			continue;
		case '!':
			if (line[1] == ':') {
				size_t i;

				for (i = 0; bang[i].name != NULL; i++) {
					if ((size_t)(len - 2) > bang[i].len &&
					    memcmp(bang[i].name, line + 2,
					    bang[i].len) == 0)
						break;
				}
				if (bang[i].name == NULL) {
					file_error(ms, 0,
					    "Unknown !: entry `%s'", line);
					(*errs)++;
					continue;
				}
				if (*marraycount == 0) {
					file_error(ms, 0,
					    "No current entry for :!%s type",
						bang[i].name);
					(*errs)++;
					continue;
				}
				if ((*bang[i].fun)(ms, 
				    &(*marray)[*marraycount - 1],
				    line + bang[i].len + 2) != 0) {
					(*errs)++;
					continue;
				}
				continue;
			}
			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
		default:
			if (parse(ms, marray, marraycount, line, lineno,
			    action) != 0)
				(*errs)++;
			break;
		}
	}
	free(line);
	(void)fclose(f);
}

/*
 * parse a file or directory of files
 * const char *fn: name of magic file or directory
 */
private int
cmpstrp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        return strcmp(*(char *const *)p1, *(char *const *)p2);
}

private int
apprentice_load(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic **magicp, uint32_t *nmagicp,
    const char *fn, int action)
{
	int errs = 0;
	struct magic_entry *marray;
	uint32_t marraycount, i, mentrycount = 0, starttest;
	size_t slen, files = 0, maxfiles = 0;
	char **filearr = NULL, *mfn;
	struct stat st;
	DIR *dir;
	struct dirent *d;

	ms->flags |= MAGIC_CHECK;	/* Enable checks for parsed files */

        maxmagic = MAXMAGIS;
	if ((marray = CAST(struct magic_entry *, calloc(maxmagic,
	    sizeof(*marray)))) == NULL) {
		file_oomem(ms, maxmagic * sizeof(*marray));
		return -1;
	}
	marraycount = 0;

	/* print silly verbose header for USG compat. */
	if (action == FILE_CHECK)
		(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", usg_hdr);

	/* load directory or file */
	if (stat(fn, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
		dir = opendir(fn);
		if (!dir) {
			errs++;
			goto out;
		}
		while ((d = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
			if (asprintf(&mfn, "%s/%s", fn, d->d_name) < 0) {
				file_oomem(ms,
				    strlen(fn) + strlen(d->d_name) + 2);
				errs++;
				closedir(dir);
				goto out;
			}
			if (stat(mfn, &st) == -1 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
				free(mfn);
				continue;
			}
			if (files >= maxfiles) {
				size_t mlen;
				maxfiles = (maxfiles + 1) * 2;
				mlen = maxfiles * sizeof(*filearr);
				if ((filearr = CAST(char **,
				    realloc(filearr, mlen))) == NULL) {
					file_oomem(ms, mlen);
					free(mfn);
					closedir(dir);
					errs++;
					goto out;
				}
			}
			filearr[files++] = mfn;
		}
		closedir(dir);
		qsort(filearr, files, sizeof(*filearr), cmpstrp);
		for (i = 0; i < files; i++) {
			load_1(ms, action, filearr[i], &errs, &marray,
			    &marraycount);
			free(filearr[i]);
		}
		free(filearr);
	} else
		load_1(ms, action, fn, &errs, &marray, &marraycount);
	if (errs)
		goto out;

	/* Set types of tests */
	for (i = 0; i < marraycount; ) {
		if (marray[i].mp->cont_level != 0) {
			i++;
			continue;
		}

		starttest = i;
		do {
			static const char text[] = "text";
			static const char binary[] = "binary";
			static const size_t len = sizeof(text);
			set_test_type(marray[starttest].mp, marray[i].mp);
			if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_DEBUG) == 0)
				continue;
			(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s%s%s: %s\n",
			    marray[i].mp->mimetype,
			    marray[i].mp->mimetype[0] == '\0' ? "" : "; ",
			    marray[i].mp->desc[0] ? marray[i].mp->desc :
			    "(no description)",
			    marray[i].mp->flag & BINTEST ? binary : text);
			if (marray[i].mp->flag & BINTEST) {
				char *p = strstr(marray[i].mp->desc, text);
				if (p && (p == marray[i].mp->desc ||
				    isspace((unsigned char)p[-1])) &&
				    (p + len - marray[i].mp->desc == 
				    MAXstring || (p[len] == '\0' ||
				    isspace((unsigned char)p[len]))))
					(void)fprintf(stderr, "*** Possible "
					    "binary test for text type\n");
			}
		} while (++i < marraycount && marray[i].mp->cont_level != 0);
	}

	qsort(marray, marraycount, sizeof(*marray), apprentice_sort);

	/*
	 * Make sure that any level 0 "default" line is last (if one exists).
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < marraycount; i++) {
		if (marray[i].mp->cont_level == 0 &&
		    marray[i].mp->type == FILE_DEFAULT) {
			while (++i < marraycount)
				if (marray[i].mp->cont_level == 0)
					break;
			if (i != marraycount) {
				/* XXX - Ugh! */
				ms->line = marray[i].mp->lineno;
				file_magwarn(ms,
				    "level 0 \"default\" did not sort last");
			}
			break;					    
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < marraycount; i++)
		mentrycount += marray[i].cont_count;

	slen = sizeof(**magicp) * mentrycount;
	if ((*magicp = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(slen))) == NULL) {
		file_oomem(ms, slen);
		errs++;
		goto out;
	}

	mentrycount = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < marraycount; i++) {
		(void)memcpy(*magicp + mentrycount, marray[i].mp,
		    marray[i].cont_count * sizeof(**magicp));
		mentrycount += marray[i].cont_count;
	}
out:
	for (i = 0; i < marraycount; i++)
		free(marray[i].mp);
	free(marray);
	if (errs) {
		*magicp = NULL;
		*nmagicp = 0;
		return errs;
	} else {
		*nmagicp = mentrycount;
		return 0;
	}

}

/*
 * extend the sign bit if the comparison is to be signed
 */
protected uint64_t
file_signextend(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, uint64_t v)
{
	if (!(m->flag & UNSIGNED)) {
		switch(m->type) {
		/*
		 * Do not remove the casts below.  They are
		 * vital.  When later compared with the data,
		 * the sign extension must have happened.
		 */
		case FILE_BYTE:
			v = (char) v;
			break;
		case FILE_SHORT:
		case FILE_BESHORT:
		case FILE_LESHORT:
			v = (short) v;
			break;
		case FILE_DATE:
		case FILE_BEDATE:
		case FILE_LEDATE:
		case FILE_MEDATE:
		case FILE_LDATE:
		case FILE_BELDATE:
		case FILE_LELDATE:
		case FILE_MELDATE:
		case FILE_LONG:
		case FILE_BELONG:
		case FILE_LELONG:
		case FILE_MELONG:
		case FILE_FLOAT:
		case FILE_BEFLOAT:
		case FILE_LEFLOAT:
			v = (int32_t) v;
			break;
		case FILE_QUAD:
		case FILE_BEQUAD:
		case FILE_LEQUAD:
		case FILE_QDATE:
		case FILE_QLDATE:
		case FILE_BEQDATE:
		case FILE_BEQLDATE:
		case FILE_LEQDATE:
		case FILE_LEQLDATE:
		case FILE_DOUBLE:
		case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
		case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
			v = (int64_t) v;
			break;
		case FILE_STRING:
		case FILE_PSTRING:
		case FILE_BESTRING16:
		case FILE_LESTRING16:
		case FILE_REGEX:
		case FILE_SEARCH:
		case FILE_DEFAULT:
		case FILE_INDIRECT:
			break;
		default:
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			    file_magwarn(ms, "cannot happen: m->type=%d\n",
				    m->type);
			return ~0U;
		}
	}
	return v;
}

private int
string_modifier_check(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
{
	if ((ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) == 0)
		return 0;

	if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING && (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) != 0) {
		file_magwarn(ms,
		    "'/BHhLl' modifiers are only allowed for pascal strings\n");
		return -1;
	}
	switch (m->type) {
	case FILE_BESTRING16:
	case FILE_LESTRING16:
		if (m->str_flags != 0) {
			file_magwarn(ms,
			    "no modifiers allowed for 16-bit strings\n");
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	case FILE_STRING:
	case FILE_PSTRING:
		if ((m->str_flags & REGEX_OFFSET_START) != 0) {
			file_magwarn(ms,
			    "'/%c' only allowed on regex and search\n",
			    CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START);
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	case FILE_SEARCH:
		if (m->str_range == 0) {
			file_magwarn(ms,
			    "missing range; defaulting to %d\n",
                            STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE);
			m->str_range = STRING_DEFAULT_RANGE;
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	case FILE_REGEX:
		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
			    CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE);
			return -1;
		}
		if ((m->str_flags & STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE) != 0) {
			file_magwarn(ms, "'/%c' not allowed on regex\n",
			    CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE);
			return -1;
		}
		break;
	default:
		file_magwarn(ms, "coding error: m->type=%d\n",
		    m->type);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

private int
get_op(char c)
{
	switch (c) {
	case '&':
		return FILE_OPAND;
	case '|':
		return FILE_OPOR;
	case '^':
		return FILE_OPXOR;
	case '+':
		return FILE_OPADD;
	case '-':
		return FILE_OPMINUS;
	case '*':
		return FILE_OPMULTIPLY;
	case '/':
		return FILE_OPDIVIDE;
	case '%':
		return FILE_OPMODULO;
	default:
		return -1;
	}
}

#ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
private int
get_cond(const char *l, const char **t)
{
	static const struct cond_tbl_s {
		char name[8];
		size_t len;
		int cond;
	} cond_tbl[] = {
		{ "if",		2,	COND_IF },
		{ "elif",	4,	COND_ELIF },
		{ "else",	4,	COND_ELSE },
		{ "",		0,	COND_NONE },
	};
	const struct cond_tbl_s *p;

	for (p = cond_tbl; p->len; p++) {
		if (strncmp(l, p->name, p->len) == 0 &&
		    isspace((unsigned char)l[p->len])) {
			if (t)
				*t = l + p->len;
			break;
		}
	}
	return p->cond;
}

private int
check_cond(struct magic_set *ms, int cond, uint32_t cont_level)
{
	int last_cond;
	last_cond = ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond;

	switch (cond) {
	case COND_IF:
		if (last_cond != COND_NONE && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `if'");
			return -1;
		}
		last_cond = COND_IF;
		break;

	case COND_ELIF:
		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `elif'");
			return -1;
		}
		last_cond = COND_ELIF;
		break;

	case COND_ELSE:
		if (last_cond != COND_IF && last_cond != COND_ELIF) {
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
				file_magwarn(ms, "syntax error: `else'");
			return -1;
		}
		last_cond = COND_NONE;
		break;

	case COND_NONE:
		last_cond = COND_NONE;
		break;
	}

	ms->c.li[cont_level].last_cond = last_cond;
	return 0;
}
#endif /* ENABLE_CONDITIONALS */

/*
 * parse one line from magic file, put into magic[index++] if valid
 */
private int
parse(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry **mentryp, uint32_t *nmentryp, 
    const char *line, size_t lineno, int action)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
	static uint32_t last_cont_level = 0;
#endif
	size_t i;
	struct magic_entry *me;
	struct magic *m;
	const char *l = line;
	char *t;
	int op;
	uint32_t cont_level;

	cont_level = 0;

	while (*l == '>') {
		++l;		/* step over */
		cont_level++; 
	}
#ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
	if (cont_level == 0 || cont_level > last_cont_level)
		if (file_check_mem(ms, cont_level) == -1)
			return -1;
	last_cont_level = cont_level;
#endif

#define ALLOC_CHUNK	(size_t)10
#define ALLOC_INCR	(size_t)200

	if (cont_level != 0) {
		if (*nmentryp == 0) {
			file_error(ms, 0, "No current entry for continuation");
			return -1;
		}
		me = &(*mentryp)[*nmentryp - 1];
		if (me->cont_count == me->max_count) {
			struct magic *nm;
			size_t cnt = me->max_count + ALLOC_CHUNK;
			if ((nm = CAST(struct magic *, realloc(me->mp,
			    sizeof(*nm) * cnt))) == NULL) {
				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*nm) * cnt);
				return -1;
			}
			me->mp = m = nm;
			me->max_count = CAST(uint32_t, cnt);
		}
		m = &me->mp[me->cont_count++];
		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
		m->cont_level = cont_level;
	} else {
		if (*nmentryp == maxmagic) {
			struct magic_entry *mp;

			maxmagic += ALLOC_INCR;
			if ((mp = CAST(struct magic_entry *,
			    realloc(*mentryp, sizeof(*mp) * maxmagic))) ==
			    NULL) {
				file_oomem(ms, sizeof(*mp) * maxmagic);
				return -1;
			}
			(void)memset(&mp[*nmentryp], 0, sizeof(*mp) *
			    ALLOC_INCR);
			*mentryp = mp;
		}
		me = &(*mentryp)[*nmentryp];
		if (me->mp == NULL) {
			size_t len = sizeof(*m) * ALLOC_CHUNK;
			if ((m = CAST(struct magic *, malloc(len))) == NULL) {
				file_oomem(ms, len);
				return -1;
			}
			me->mp = m;
			me->max_count = ALLOC_CHUNK;
		} else
			m = me->mp;
		(void)memset(m, 0, sizeof(*m));
		m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
		m->cont_level = 0;
		me->cont_count = 1;
	}
	m->lineno = CAST(uint32_t, lineno);

	if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below. */
                ++l;            /* step over */
                m->flag |= OFFADD;
        }
	if (*l == '(') {
		++l;		/* step over */
		m->flag |= INDIR;
		if (m->flag & OFFADD)
			m->flag = (m->flag & ~OFFADD) | INDIROFFADD;

		if (*l == '&') {  /* m->cont_level == 0 checked below */
			++l;            /* step over */
			m->flag |= OFFADD;
		}
	}
	/* Indirect offsets are not valid at level 0. */
	if (m->cont_level == 0 && (m->flag & (OFFADD | INDIROFFADD)))
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "relative offset at level 0");

	/* get offset, then skip over it */
	m->offset = (uint32_t)strtoul(l, &t, 0);
        if (l == t)
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "offset `%s' invalid", l);
        l = t;

	if (m->flag & INDIR) {
		m->in_type = FILE_LONG;
		m->in_offset = 0;
		/*
		 * read [.lbs][+-]nnnnn)
		 */
		if (*l == '.') {
			l++;
			switch (*l) {
			case 'l':
				m->in_type = FILE_LELONG;
				break;
			case 'L':
				m->in_type = FILE_BELONG;
				break;
			case 'm':
				m->in_type = FILE_MELONG;
				break;
			case 'h':
			case 's':
				m->in_type = FILE_LESHORT;
				break;
			case 'H':
			case 'S':
				m->in_type = FILE_BESHORT;
				break;
			case 'c':
			case 'b':
			case 'C':
			case 'B':
				m->in_type = FILE_BYTE;
				break;
			case 'e':
			case 'f':
			case 'g':
				m->in_type = FILE_LEDOUBLE;
				break;
			case 'E':
			case 'F':
			case 'G':
				m->in_type = FILE_BEDOUBLE;
				break;
			case 'i':
				m->in_type = FILE_LEID3;
				break;
			case 'I':
				m->in_type = FILE_BEID3;
				break;
			default:
				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
					file_magwarn(ms,
					    "indirect offset type `%c' invalid",
					    *l);
				break;
			}
			l++;
		}

		m->in_op = 0;
		if (*l == '~') {
			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
			l++;
		}
		if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
			m->in_op |= op;
			l++;
		}
		if (*l == '(') {
			m->in_op |= FILE_OPINDIRECT;
			l++;
		}
		if (isdigit((unsigned char)*l) || *l == '-') {
			m->in_offset = (int32_t)strtol(l, &t, 0);
			if (l == t)
				if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
					file_magwarn(ms,
					    "in_offset `%s' invalid", l);
			l = t;
		}
		if (*l++ != ')' || 
		    ((m->in_op & FILE_OPINDIRECT) && *l++ != ')'))
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
				file_magwarn(ms,
				    "missing ')' in indirect offset");
	}
	EATAB;

#ifdef ENABLE_CONDITIONALS
	m->cond = get_cond(l, &l);
	if (check_cond(ms, m->cond, cont_level) == -1)
		return -1;

	EATAB;
#endif

	if (*l == 'u') {
		++l;
		m->flag |= UNSIGNED;
	}

	m->type = get_type(l, &l);
	if (m->type == FILE_INVALID) {
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "type `%s' invalid", l);
		return -1;
	}

	/* New-style anding: "0 byte&0x80 =0x80 dynamically linked" */
	/* New and improved: ~ & | ^ + - * / % -- exciting, isn't it? */

	m->mask_op = 0;
	if (*l == '~') {
		if (!IS_STRING(m->type))
			m->mask_op |= FILE_OPINVERSE;
		else if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "'~' invalid for string types");
		++l;
	}
	m->str_range = 0;
	m->str_flags = m->type == FILE_PSTRING ? PSTRING_1_LE : 0;
	if ((op = get_op(*l)) != -1) {
		if (!IS_STRING(m->type)) {
			uint64_t val;
			++l;
			m->mask_op |= op;
			val = (uint64_t)strtoull(l, &t, 0);
			l = t;
			m->num_mask = file_signextend(ms, m, val);
			eatsize(&l);
		}
		else if (op == FILE_OPDIVIDE) {
			int have_range = 0;
			while (!isspace((unsigned char)*++l)) {
				switch (*l) {
				case '0':  case '1':  case '2':
				case '3':  case '4':  case '5':
				case '6':  case '7':  case '8':
				case '9':
					if (have_range &&
					    (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK))
						file_magwarn(ms,
						    "multiple ranges");
					have_range = 1;
					m->str_range = CAST(uint32_t,
					    strtoul(l, &t, 0));
					if (m->str_range == 0)
						file_magwarn(ms,
						    "zero range");
					l = t - 1;
					break;
				case CHAR_COMPACT_WHITESPACE:
					m->str_flags |=
					    STRING_COMPACT_WHITESPACE;
					break;
				case CHAR_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE:
					m->str_flags |=
					    STRING_COMPACT_OPTIONAL_WHITESPACE;
					break;
				case CHAR_IGNORE_LOWERCASE:
					m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_LOWERCASE;
					break;
				case CHAR_IGNORE_UPPERCASE:
					m->str_flags |= STRING_IGNORE_UPPERCASE;
					break;
				case CHAR_REGEX_OFFSET_START:
					m->str_flags |= REGEX_OFFSET_START;
					break;
				case CHAR_BINTEST:
					m->str_flags |= STRING_BINTEST;
					break;
				case CHAR_TEXTTEST:
					m->str_flags |= STRING_TEXTTEST;
					break;
				case CHAR_PSTRING_1_LE:
					if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
						goto bad;
					m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | PSTRING_1_LE;
					break;
				case CHAR_PSTRING_2_BE:
					if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
						goto bad;
					m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | PSTRING_2_BE;
					break;
				case CHAR_PSTRING_2_LE:
					if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
						goto bad;
					m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | PSTRING_2_LE;
					break;
				case CHAR_PSTRING_4_BE:
					if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
						goto bad;
					m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | PSTRING_4_BE;
					break;
				case CHAR_PSTRING_4_LE:
					if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
						goto bad;
					m->str_flags = (m->str_flags & ~PSTRING_LEN) | PSTRING_4_LE;
					break;
				case CHAR_PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF:
					if (m->type != FILE_PSTRING)
						goto bad;
					m->str_flags |= PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF;
					break;
				default:
				bad:
					if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
						file_magwarn(ms,
						    "string extension `%c' "
						    "invalid", *l);
					return -1;
				}
				/* allow multiple '/' for readability */
				if (l[1] == '/' &&
				    !isspace((unsigned char)l[2]))
					l++;
			}
			if (string_modifier_check(ms, m) == -1)
				return -1;
		}
		else {
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
				file_magwarn(ms, "invalid string op: %c", *t);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	/*
	 * We used to set mask to all 1's here, instead let's just not do
	 * anything if mask = 0 (unless you have a better idea)
	 */
	EATAB;
  
	switch (*l) {
	case '>':
	case '<':
  		m->reln = *l;
  		++l;
		if (*l == '=') {
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
				file_magwarn(ms, "%c= not supported",
				    m->reln);
				return -1;
			}
		   ++l;
		}
		break;
	/* Old-style anding: "0 byte &0x80 dynamically linked" */
	case '&':
	case '^':
	case '=':
  		m->reln = *l;
  		++l;
		if (*l == '=') {
		   /* HP compat: ignore &= etc. */
		   ++l;
		}
		break;
	case '!':
		m->reln = *l;
		++l;
		break;
	default:
  		m->reln = '=';	/* the default relation */
		if (*l == 'x' && ((isascii((unsigned char)l[1]) && 
		    isspace((unsigned char)l[1])) || !l[1])) {
			m->reln = *l;
			++l;
		}
		break;
	}
	/*
	 * Grab the value part, except for an 'x' reln.
	 */
	if (m->reln != 'x' && getvalue(ms, m, &l, action))
		return -1;

	/*
	 * TODO finish this macro and start using it!
	 * #define offsetcheck {if (offset > HOWMANY-1) 
	 *	magwarn("offset too big"); }
	 */

	/*
	 * Now get last part - the description
	 */
	EATAB;
	if (l[0] == '\b') {
		++l;
		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
	} else if ((l[0] == '\\') && (l[1] == 'b')) {
		++l;
		++l;
		m->flag |= NOSPACE;
	}
	for (i = 0; (m->desc[i++] = *l++) != '\0' && i < sizeof(m->desc); )
		continue;
	if (i == sizeof(m->desc)) {
		m->desc[sizeof(m->desc) - 1] = '\0';
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "description `%s' truncated", m->desc);
	}

        /*
	 * We only do this check while compiling, or if any of the magic
	 * files were not compiled.
         */
        if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK) {
		if (check_format(ms, m) == -1)
			return -1;
	}
#ifndef COMPILE_ONLY
	if (action == FILE_CHECK) {
		file_mdump(m);
	}
#endif
	m->mimetype[0] = '\0';		/* initialise MIME type to none */
	if (m->cont_level == 0)
		++(*nmentryp);		/* make room for next */
	return 0;
}

/*
 * parse a STRENGTH annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
 * if valid
 */
private int
parse_strength(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
{
	const char *l = line;
	char *el;
	unsigned long factor;
	struct magic *m = &me->mp[0];

	if (m->factor_op != FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE) {
		file_magwarn(ms,
		    "Current entry already has a strength type: %c %d",
		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
		return -1;
	}
	EATAB;
	switch (*l) {
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE:
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_PLUS:
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_MINUS:
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_TIMES:
	case FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV:
		m->factor_op = *l++;
		break;
	default:
		file_magwarn(ms, "Unknown factor op `%c'", *l);
		return -1;
	}
	EATAB;
	factor = strtoul(l, &el, 0);
	if (factor > 255) {
		file_magwarn(ms, "Too large factor `%lu'", factor);
		goto out;
	}
	if (*el && !isspace((unsigned char)*el)) {
		file_magwarn(ms, "Bad factor `%s'", l);
		goto out;
	}
	m->factor = (uint8_t)factor;
	if (m->factor == 0 && m->factor_op == FILE_FACTOR_OP_DIV) {
		file_magwarn(ms, "Cannot have factor op `%c' and factor %u",
		    m->factor_op, m->factor);
		goto out;
	}
	return 0;
out:
	m->factor_op = FILE_FACTOR_OP_NONE;
	m->factor = 0;
	return -1;
}

/*
 * Parse an Apple CREATOR/TYPE annotation from magic file and put it into
 * magic[index - 1]
 */
private int
parse_apple(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
{
	size_t i;
	const char *l = line;
	struct magic *m = &me->mp[me->cont_count == 0 ? 0 : me->cont_count - 1];

	if (m->apple[0] != '\0') {
		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry already has a APPLE type "
		    "`%.8s', new type `%s'", m->mimetype, l);
		return -1;
	}	

	EATAB;
	for (i = 0; *l && ((isascii((unsigned char)*l) &&
	    isalnum((unsigned char)*l)) || strchr("-+/.", *l)) &&
	    i < sizeof(m->apple); m->apple[i++] = *l++)
		continue;
	if (i == sizeof(m->apple) && *l) {
		/* We don't need to NUL terminate here, printing handles it */
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "APPLE type `%s' truncated %"
			    SIZE_T_FORMAT "u", line, i);
	}

	if (i > 0)
		return 0;
	else
		return -1;
}

/*
 * parse a MIME annotation line from magic file, put into magic[index - 1]
 * if valid
 */
private int
parse_mime(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic_entry *me, const char *line)
{
	size_t i;
	const char *l = line;
	struct magic *m = &me->mp[me->cont_count == 0 ? 0 : me->cont_count - 1];

	if (m->mimetype[0] != '\0') {
		file_magwarn(ms, "Current entry already has a MIME type `%s',"
		    " new type `%s'", m->mimetype, l);
		return -1;
	}	

	EATAB;
	for (i = 0; *l && ((isascii((unsigned char)*l) &&
	    isalnum((unsigned char)*l)) || strchr("-+/.", *l)) &&
	    i < sizeof(m->mimetype); m->mimetype[i++] = *l++)
		continue;
	if (i == sizeof(m->mimetype)) {
		m->mimetype[sizeof(m->mimetype) - 1] = '\0';
		if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
			file_magwarn(ms, "MIME type `%s' truncated %"
			    SIZE_T_FORMAT "u", m->mimetype, i);
	} else
		m->mimetype[i] = '\0';

	if (i > 0)
		return 0;
	else
		return -1;
}

private int
check_format_type(const char *ptr, int type)
{
	int quad = 0;
	if (*ptr == '\0') {
		/* Missing format string; bad */
		return -1;
	}

	switch (type) {
	case FILE_FMT_QUAD:
		quad = 1;
		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
	case FILE_FMT_NUM:
		if (*ptr == '-')
			ptr++;
		if (*ptr == '.')
			ptr++;
		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
		if (*ptr == '.')
			ptr++;
		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
		if (quad) {
			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
				return -1;
			if (*ptr++ != 'l')
				return -1;
		}
	
		switch (*ptr++) {
		case 'l':
			switch (*ptr++) {
			case 'i':
			case 'd':
			case 'u':
			case 'x':
			case 'X':
				return 0;
			default:
				return -1;
			}
		
		case 'h':
			switch (*ptr++) {
			case 'h':
				switch (*ptr++) {
				case 'i':
				case 'd':
				case 'u':
				case 'x':
				case 'X':
					return 0;
				default:
					return -1;
				}
			case 'd':
				return 0;
			default:
				return -1;
			}

		case 'i':
		case 'c':
		case 'd':
		case 'u':
		case 'x':
		case 'X':
			return 0;
			
		default:
			return -1;
		}
		
	case FILE_FMT_FLOAT:
	case FILE_FMT_DOUBLE:
		if (*ptr == '-')
			ptr++;
		if (*ptr == '.')
			ptr++;
		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
		if (*ptr == '.')
			ptr++;
		while (isdigit((unsigned char)*ptr)) ptr++;
	
		switch (*ptr++) {
		case 'e':
		case 'E':
		case 'f':
		case 'F':
		case 'g':
		case 'G':
			return 0;
			
		default:
			return -1;
		}
		

	case FILE_FMT_STR:
		if (*ptr == '-')
			ptr++;
		while (isdigit((unsigned char )*ptr))
			ptr++;
		if (*ptr == '.') {
			ptr++;
			while (isdigit((unsigned char )*ptr))
				ptr++;
		}
		
		switch (*ptr++) {
		case 's':
			return 0;
		default:
			return -1;
		}
		
	default:
		/* internal error */
		abort();
	}
	/*NOTREACHED*/
	return -1;
}
	
/*
 * Check that the optional printf format in description matches
 * the type of the magic.
 */
private int
check_format(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m)
{
	char *ptr;

	for (ptr = m->desc; *ptr; ptr++)
		if (*ptr == '%')
			break;
	if (*ptr == '\0') {
		/* No format string; ok */
		return 1;
	}

	assert(file_nformats == file_nnames);

	if (m->type >= file_nformats) {
		file_magwarn(ms, "Internal error inconsistency between "
		    "m->type and format strings");		
		return -1;
	}
	if (file_formats[m->type] == FILE_FMT_NONE) {
		file_magwarn(ms, "No format string for `%s' with description "
		    "`%s'", m->desc, file_names[m->type]);
		return -1;
	}

	ptr++;
	if (check_format_type(ptr, file_formats[m->type]) == -1) {
		/*
		 * TODO: this error message is unhelpful if the format
		 * string is not one character long
		 */
		file_magwarn(ms, "Printf format `%c' is not valid for type "
		    "`%s' in description `%s'", *ptr ? *ptr : '?',
		    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
		return -1;
	}
	
	for (; *ptr; ptr++) {
		if (*ptr == '%') {
			file_magwarn(ms,
			    "Too many format strings (should have at most one) "
			    "for `%s' with description `%s'",
			    file_names[m->type], m->desc);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

/* 
 * Read a numeric value from a pointer, into the value union of a magic 
 * pointer, according to the magic type.  Update the string pointer to point 
 * just after the number read.  Return 0 for success, non-zero for failure.
 */
private int
getvalue(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char **p, int action)
{
	switch (m->type) {
	case FILE_BESTRING16:
	case FILE_LESTRING16:
	case FILE_STRING:
	case FILE_PSTRING:
	case FILE_REGEX:
	case FILE_SEARCH:
		*p = getstr(ms, m, *p, action == FILE_COMPILE);
		if (*p == NULL) {
			if (ms->flags & MAGIC_CHECK)
				file_magwarn(ms, "cannot get string from `%s'",
				    m->value.s);
			return -1;
		}
		return 0;
	case FILE_FLOAT:
	case FILE_BEFLOAT:
	case FILE_LEFLOAT:
		if (m->reln != 'x') {
			char *ep;
#ifdef HAVE_STRTOF
			m->value.f = strtof(*p, &ep);
#else
			m->value.f = (float)strtod(*p, &ep);
#endif
			*p = ep;
		}
		return 0;
	case FILE_DOUBLE:
	case FILE_BEDOUBLE:
	case FILE_LEDOUBLE:
		if (m->reln != 'x') {
			char *ep;
			m->value.d = strtod(*p, &ep);
			*p = ep;
		}
		return 0;
	default:
		if (m->reln != 'x') {
			char *ep;
			m->value.q = file_signextend(ms, m,
			    (uint64_t)strtoull(*p, &ep, 0));
			*p = ep;
			eatsize(p);
		}
		return 0;
	}
}

/*
 * Convert a string containing C character escapes.  Stop at an unescaped
 * space or tab.
 * Copy the converted version to "m->value.s", and the length in m->vallen.
 * Return updated scan pointer as function result. Warn if set.
 */
private const char *
getstr(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic *m, const char *s, int warn)
{
	const char *origs = s;
	char	*p = m->value.s;
	size_t  plen = sizeof(m->value.s);
	char 	*origp = p;
	char	*pmax = p + plen - 1;
	int	c;
	int	val;

	while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
		if (isspace((unsigned char) c))
			break;
		if (p >= pmax) {
			file_error(ms, 0, "string too long: `%s'", origs);
			return NULL;
		}
		if (c == '\\') {
			switch(c = *s++) {

			case '\0':
				if (warn)
					file_magwarn(ms, "incomplete escape");
				goto out;

			case '\t':
				if (warn) {
					file_magwarn(ms,
					    "escaped tab found, use \\t instead");
					warn = 0;	/* already did */
				}
				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
			default:
				if (warn) {
					if (isprint((unsigned char)c)) {
						/* Allow escaping of 
						 * ``relations'' */
						if (strchr("<>&^=!", c) == NULL
						    && (m->type != FILE_REGEX ||
						    strchr("[]().*?^$|{}", c)
						    == NULL)) {
							file_magwarn(ms, "no "
							    "need to escape "
							    "`%c'", c);
						}
					} else {
						file_magwarn(ms,
						    "unknown escape sequence: "
						    "\\%03o", c);
					}
				}
				/*FALLTHROUGH*/
			/* space, perhaps force people to use \040? */
			case ' ':
#if 0
			/*
			 * Other things people escape, but shouldn't need to,
			 * so we disallow them
			 */
			case '\'':
			case '"':
			case '?':
#endif
			/* Relations */
			case '>':
			case '<':
			case '&':
			case '^':
			case '=':
			case '!':
			/* and baskslash itself */
			case '\\':
				*p++ = (char) c;
				break;

			case 'a':
				*p++ = '\a';
				break;

			case 'b':
				*p++ = '\b';
				break;

			case 'f':
				*p++ = '\f';
				break;

			case 'n':
				*p++ = '\n';
				break;

			case 'r':
				*p++ = '\r';
				break;

			case 't':
				*p++ = '\t';
				break;

			case 'v':
				*p++ = '\v';
				break;

			/* \ and up to 3 octal digits */
			case '0':
			case '1':
			case '2':
			case '3':
			case '4':
			case '5':
			case '6':
			case '7':
				val = c - '0';
				c = *s++;  /* try for 2 */
				if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
					val = (val << 3) | (c - '0');
					c = *s++;  /* try for 3 */
					if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
						val = (val << 3) | (c-'0');
					else
						--s;
				}
				else
					--s;
				*p++ = (char)val;
				break;

			/* \x and up to 2 hex digits */
			case 'x':
				val = 'x';	/* Default if no digits */
				c = hextoint(*s++);	/* Get next char */
				if (c >= 0) {
					val = c;
					c = hextoint(*s++);
					if (c >= 0)
						val = (val << 4) + c;
					else
						--s;
				} else
					--s;
				*p++ = (char)val;
				break;
			}
		} else
			*p++ = (char)c;
	}
out:
	*p = '\0';
	m->vallen = CAST(unsigned char, (p - origp));
	if (m->type == FILE_PSTRING)
		m->vallen += (unsigned char)file_pstring_length_size(m);
	return s;
}


/* Single hex char to int; -1 if not a hex char. */
private int
hextoint(int c)
{
	if (!isascii((unsigned char) c))
		return -1;
	if (isdigit((unsigned char) c))
		return c - '0';
	if ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'f'))
		return c + 10 - 'a';
	if (( c>= 'A') && (c <= 'F'))
		return c + 10 - 'A';
	return -1;
}


/*
 * Print a string containing C character escapes.
 */
protected void
file_showstr(FILE *fp, const char *s, size_t len)
{
	char	c;

	for (;;) {
		if (len == ~0U) {
			c = *s++;
			if (c == '\0')
				break;
		}
		else  {
			if (len-- == 0)
				break;
			c = *s++;
		}
		if (c >= 040 && c <= 0176)	/* TODO isprint && !iscntrl */
			(void) fputc(c, fp);
		else {
			(void) fputc('\\', fp);
			switch (c) {
			case '\a':
				(void) fputc('a', fp);
				break;

			case '\b':
				(void) fputc('b', fp);
				break;

			case '\f':
				(void) fputc('f', fp);
				break;

			case '\n':
				(void) fputc('n', fp);
				break;

			case '\r':
				(void) fputc('r', fp);
				break;

			case '\t':
				(void) fputc('t', fp);
				break;

			case '\v':
				(void) fputc('v', fp);
				break;

			default:
				(void) fprintf(fp, "%.3o", c & 0377);
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

/*
 * eatsize(): Eat the size spec from a number [eg. 10UL]
 */
private void
eatsize(const char **p)
{
	const char *l = *p;

	if (LOWCASE(*l) == 'u') 
		l++;

	switch (LOWCASE(*l)) {
	case 'l':    /* long */
	case 's':    /* short */
	case 'h':    /* short */
	case 'b':    /* char/byte */
	case 'c':    /* char/byte */
		l++;
		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
	default:
		break;
	}

	*p = l;
}

/*
 * handle a compiled file.
 */
private int
apprentice_map(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic **magicp, uint32_t *nmagicp,
    const char *fn)
{
	int fd;
	struct stat st;
	uint32_t *ptr;
	uint32_t version;
	int needsbyteswap;
	char *dbname = NULL;
	void *mm = NULL;

	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 0);
	if (dbname == NULL)
		goto error2;

	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_RDONLY|O_BINARY)) == -1)
		goto error2;

	if (fstat(fd, &st) == -1) {
		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot stat `%s'", dbname);
		goto error1;
	}
	if (st.st_size < 8) {
		file_error(ms, 0, "file `%s' is too small", dbname);
		goto error1;
	}

#ifdef QUICK
	if ((mm = mmap(0, (size_t)st.st_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
	    MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FILE, fd, (off_t)0)) == MAP_FAILED) {
		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot map `%s'", dbname);
		goto error1;
	}
#define RET	2
#else
	if ((mm = CAST(void *, malloc((size_t)st.st_size))) == NULL) {
		file_oomem(ms, (size_t)st.st_size);
		goto error1;
	}
	if (read(fd, mm, (size_t)st.st_size) != (ssize_t)st.st_size) {
		file_badread(ms);
		goto error1;
	}
#define RET	1
#endif
	*magicp = CAST(struct magic *, mm);
	(void)close(fd);
	fd = -1;
	ptr = (uint32_t *)(void *)*magicp;
	if (*ptr != MAGICNO) {
		if (swap4(*ptr) != MAGICNO) {
			file_error(ms, 0, "bad magic in `%s'", dbname);
			goto error1;
		}
		needsbyteswap = 1;
	} else
		needsbyteswap = 0;
	if (needsbyteswap)
		version = swap4(ptr[1]);
	else
		version = ptr[1];
	if (version != VERSIONNO) {
		file_error(ms, 0, "File %s supports only version %d magic "
		    "files. `%s' is version %d", VERSION,
		    VERSIONNO, dbname, version);
		goto error1;
	}
	*nmagicp = (uint32_t)(st.st_size / sizeof(struct magic));
	if (*nmagicp > 0)
		(*nmagicp)--;
	(*magicp)++;
	if (needsbyteswap)
		byteswap(*magicp, *nmagicp);
	free(dbname);
	return RET;

error1:
	if (fd != -1)
		(void)close(fd);
	if (mm) {
#ifdef QUICK
		(void)munmap((void *)mm, (size_t)st.st_size);
#else
		free(mm);
#endif
	} else {
		*magicp = NULL;
		*nmagicp = 0;
	}
error2:
	free(dbname);
	return -1;
}

private const uint32_t ar[] = {
    MAGICNO, VERSIONNO
};
/*
 * handle an mmaped file.
 */
private int
apprentice_compile(struct magic_set *ms, struct magic **magicp,
    uint32_t *nmagicp, const char *fn)
{
	int fd = -1;
	char *dbname;
	int rv = -1;

	dbname = mkdbname(ms, fn, 1);

	if (dbname == NULL) 
		goto out;

	if ((fd = open(dbname, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_BINARY, 0644)) == -1) {
		file_error(ms, errno, "cannot open `%s'", dbname);
		goto out;
	}

	if (write(fd, ar, sizeof(ar)) != (ssize_t)sizeof(ar)) {
		file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
		goto out;
	}

	if (lseek(fd, (off_t)sizeof(struct magic), SEEK_SET)
	    != sizeof(struct magic)) {
		file_error(ms, errno, "error seeking `%s'", dbname);
		goto out;
	}

	if (write(fd, *magicp, (sizeof(struct magic) * *nmagicp)) 
	    != (ssize_t)(sizeof(struct magic) * *nmagicp)) {
		file_error(ms, errno, "error writing `%s'", dbname);
		goto out;
	}

	if (fd != -1)
		(void)close(fd);
	rv = 0;
out:
	free(dbname);
	return rv;
}

private const char ext[] = ".mgc";
/*
 * make a dbname
 */
private char *
mkdbname(struct magic_set *ms, const char *fn, int strip)
{
	const char *p, *q;
	char *buf;

	if (strip) {
		if ((p = strrchr(fn, '/')) != NULL)
			fn = ++p;
	}

	for (q = fn; *q; q++)
		continue;
	/* Look for .mgc */
	for (p = ext + sizeof(ext) - 1; p >= ext && q >= fn; p--, q--)
		if (*p != *q)
			break;

	/* Did not find .mgc, restore q */
	if (p >= ext)
		while (*q)
			q++;

	q++;
	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
	if (ms->flags & MAGIC_MIME) {
		asprintf(&buf, "%.*s.mime%s", (int)(q - fn), fn, ext);
		if (access(buf, R_OK) != -1) {
			ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
			return buf;
		}
		free(buf);
	}
	asprintf(&buf, "%.*s%s", (int)(q - fn), fn, ext);

	/* Compatibility with old code that looked in .mime */
	if (strstr(p, ".mime") != NULL)
		ms->flags &= MAGIC_MIME_TYPE;
	return buf;
}

/*
 * Byteswap an mmap'ed file if needed
 */
private void
byteswap(struct magic *magic, uint32_t nmagic)
{
	uint32_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < nmagic; i++)
		bs1(&magic[i]);
}

/*
 * swap a short
 */
private uint16_t
swap2(uint16_t sv)
{
	uint16_t rv;
	uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)(void *)&sv; 
	uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)(void *)&rv; 
	d[0] = s[1];
	d[1] = s[0];
	return rv;
}

/*
 * swap an int
 */
private uint32_t
swap4(uint32_t sv)
{
	uint32_t rv;
	uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)(void *)&sv; 
	uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)(void *)&rv; 
	d[0] = s[3];
	d[1] = s[2];
	d[2] = s[1];
	d[3] = s[0];
	return rv;
}

/*
 * swap a quad
 */
private uint64_t
swap8(uint64_t sv)
{
	uint64_t rv;
	uint8_t *s = (uint8_t *)(void *)&sv; 
	uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)(void *)&rv; 
#if 0
	d[0] = s[3];
	d[1] = s[2];
	d[2] = s[1];
	d[3] = s[0];
	d[4] = s[7];
	d[5] = s[6];
	d[6] = s[5];
	d[7] = s[4];
#else
	d[0] = s[7];
	d[1] = s[6];
	d[2] = s[5];
	d[3] = s[4];
	d[4] = s[3];
	d[5] = s[2];
	d[6] = s[1];
	d[7] = s[0];
#endif
	return rv;
}

/*
 * byteswap a single magic entry
 */
private void
bs1(struct magic *m)
{
	m->cont_level = swap2(m->cont_level);
	m->offset = swap4((uint32_t)m->offset);
	m->in_offset = swap4((uint32_t)m->in_offset);
	m->lineno = swap4((uint32_t)m->lineno);
	if (IS_STRING(m->type)) {
		m->str_range = swap4(m->str_range);
		m->str_flags = swap4(m->str_flags);
	}
	else {
		m->value.q = swap8(m->value.q);
		m->num_mask = swap8(m->num_mask);
	}
}

protected size_t 
file_pstring_length_size(const struct magic *m)
{
	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
	case PSTRING_1_LE:
		return 1;
	case PSTRING_2_LE:
	case PSTRING_2_BE:
		return 2;
	case PSTRING_4_LE:
	case PSTRING_4_BE:
		return 4;
	default:
		abort();	/* Impossible */
		return 1;
	}
}
protected size_t
file_pstring_get_length(const struct magic *m, const char *s)
{
	size_t len = 0;

	switch (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LEN) {
	case PSTRING_1_LE:
		len = *s;
		break;
	case PSTRING_2_LE:
		len = (s[1] << 8) | s[0];
		break;
	case PSTRING_2_BE:
		len = (s[0] << 8) | s[1];
		break;
	case PSTRING_4_LE:
		len = (s[3] << 24) | (s[2] << 16) | (s[1] << 8) | s[0];
		break;
	case PSTRING_4_BE:
		len = (s[0] << 24) | (s[1] << 16) | (s[2] << 8) | s[3];
		break;
	default:
		abort();	/* Impossible */
	}

	if (m->str_flags & PSTRING_LENGTH_INCLUDES_ITSELF)
		len -= file_pstring_length_size(m);

	return len;
}