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tcpreplay


			
				
					
						
						
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER"><SPAN ID="hue33">Flowreplay Design Notes</SPAN></H1>
<DIV CLASS="author_info">

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><STRONG><SPAN ID="hue35">Aaron Turner </SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><I><SPAN ID="hue37">http://synfin.net/</SPAN></I></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><STRONG><SPAN ID="hue39">Last Edited:</SPAN>
<BR><SPAN ID="hue41">October 23, 2003</SPAN></STRONG></P>
</DIV>

<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00010000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue43">Overview</SPAN></A>
</H1>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue45">Tcpreplay</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html1"
  HREF="#foot362"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue49">was designed to replay traffic previously captured
in the pcap format back onto the wire for testing NIDS and other passive
devices. Over time, it was enhanced to be able to test in-line network
devices. However, a re-occurring feature request for tcpreplay is
to connect to a server in order to test applications and host TCP/IP
stacks. It was determined early on, that adding this feature to tcpreplay
was far too complex, so I decided to create a new tool specifically
designed for this.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue51">Flowreplay is designed to replay traffic at Layer
4 or 7 depending on the protocol rather then at Layer 2 like tcpreplay
does. This allows flowreplay to connect to one or more servers using
a pcap savefile as the basis of the connections. Hence, flowreplay
allows the testing of applications running on real servers rather
then passive devices. </SPAN>
<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00020000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue53">Features</SPAN></A>
</H1>

<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00021000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue55">Requirements</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue58">Full TCP/IP support, including IP fragments and
TCP stream reassembly.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue60">Support replaying TCP and UDP flows.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue62">Code should handle each flow/service independently.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue64">Should be able to connect to the server(s) in the
pcap file or to a user specified IP address.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue66">Support a plug-in architecture to allow adding application
layer intelligence.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue68">Plug-ins must be able to support multi-flow protocols
like FTP.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue365">Ship with a default plug-in which will work ``well
enough'' for simple single-flow protocols like HTTP and telnet.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue366">Flows being replayed ``correctly'' is more important
then performance (Mbps).</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue74">Portable to run on common flavors of Unix and Unix-like
systems.</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL>

<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00022000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue77">Wishes</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue80">Support clients connecting to flowreplay on a limited
basis. Flowreplay would replay the server side of the connection.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue82">Support other IP based traffic (ICMP, VRRP, OSPF,
etc) via plug-ins.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue84">Support non-IP traffic (ARP, STP, CDP, etc) via
plug-ins.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue86">Limit which flows are replayed using user defined
filters. (bpf filter syntax?)</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue88">Process pcap files directly with no intermediary
file conversions.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue90">Should be able to scale to pcap files in the 100's
of MB in size and 100+ simultaneous flows on a P3 500MHz w/ 256MB
of RAM.</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL>

<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00030000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue93">Design Thoughts</SPAN></A>
</H1>

<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00031000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue95">Sending and Receiving traffic</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue97">Flowreplay must be able to process multiple connections
to one or more devices. There are two options:</SPAN>
<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue100">Use sockets</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html2"
  HREF="#foot370"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue104">to send and receive data</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue106">Use libpcap</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html3"
  HREF="#foot371"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue110">to receive packets and libnet</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html4"
  HREF="#foot372"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue114">to send packets</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL>
<SPAN ID="hue117">Although using libpcap/libnet would allow more simultaneous
connections and greater flexibility, there would be a very high complexity
cost associated with it. With that in mind, I've decided to use sockets
to send and receive data.</SPAN>
<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00032000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue119">Handling Multiple Connections</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue121">Because a pcap file can contain multiple simultaneous
flows, we need to be able to support that too. The biggest problem
with this is reading packet data in a different order then stored
in the pcap file. </SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue123">Reading and writing to multiple sockets is easy
with select() or poll(), however a pcap file has it's data stored
serially, but we need to access it randomly. There are a number of
possible solutions for this such as caching packets in RAM where they
can be accessed more randomly, creating an index of the packets in
the pcap file, or converting the pcap file to another format altogether.
Alternatively, I've started looking at libpcapnav</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html5"
  HREF="#foot124"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue126">as an alternate means to navigate a pcap file and
process packets out of order.</SPAN>
<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00033000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue128">Data Synchronization</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue375">Knowing when to start sending client traffic in
response to the server will be &#34;tricky&#34;. Without
understanding the actual protocol involved, probably the best general
solution is waiting for a given period of time after no more data
from the server has been received. Not sure what to do if the client
traffic doesn't elicit a response from the server (implement some
kind of timeout?). This will be the basis for the default plug-in.</SPAN>
<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00034000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue133">TCP/IP</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue135">Dealing with IP fragmentation and TCP stream reassembly
will be another really complex problem. We're basically talking about
implementing a significant portion of a TCP/IP stack. One thought
is to use libnids</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html6"
  HREF="#foot403"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue139">which basically implements a Linux 2.0.37 TCP/IP
stack in user-space. Other solutions include porting a TCP/IP stack
from Open/Net/FreeBSD or writing our own custom stack from scratch.</SPAN>
<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00040000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue141">Multiple Independent Flows</SPAN></A>
</H1>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue143">The biggest asynchronous problem, that pcap files
are serial, has to be solved in a scaleable manner. Not much can be
assumed about the network traffic contained in a pcap savefile other
then Murphy's Law will be in effect. This means we'll have to deal
with:</SPAN>
<P>

<UL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue146">Thousands of small simultaneous flows (captured
on a busy network)</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue379">Flows which ``hang'' mid-stream (an exploit
against a server causes it to crash)</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue150">Flows which contain large quantities of data (FTP
transfers of ISO's for example)</SPAN>
</LI>
</UL>
<SPAN ID="hue153">How we implement parallel processing of the pcap
savefile will dramatically effect how well we can scale. A few considerations:</SPAN>
<P>

<UL>
<LI>Most Unix systems limit the maximum number of open file descriptors
a single process can have. Generally speaking this shouldn't be a
problem except for highly parallel pcap's.
</LI>
<LI>While RAM isn't limitless, we can use mmap() to get around this.
</LI>
<LI>Many Unix systems have enhanced solutions to poll() which will improve
flow management.
</LI>
</UL>

<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00041000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue157">IP Fragments and TCP Streams</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue159">There are five major complications with flowreplay:</SPAN>
<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue162">The IP datagrams may be fragmented- we won't be
able to use the standard 5-tuple (src/dst IP, src/dst port, protocol)
to lookup which flow a packet belongs to.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue164">IP fragments may arrive out of order which will
complicate ordering of data to be sent.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue166">The TCP segments may arrive out of order which will
complicate ordering of data to be sent.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue168">Packets may be missing in the pcap file because
they were dropped during capture.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue170">There are tools like fragrouter which intentionally
create non-deterministic situations.</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL>
<SPAN ID="hue173">First off, I've decided, that I'm not going to worry
about fragrouter or it's cousins. I'll handle non-deterministic situations
one and only one way, so that the way flowreplay handles the traffic
will be deterministic. Perhaps, I'll make it easy for others to write
a plug-in which will change it, but that's not something I'm going
to concern myself with now.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue175">Missing packets in the pcap file will probably make
that flow unplayable. There are proabably certain situation where
we can make an educated guess, but this is far too complex to worry
about for the first stable release.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue177">That still leaves creating a basic TCP/IP stack
in user space. The good news it that there is already a library which
does this called libnids. As of version 1.17, libnids can process
packets from a pcap savefile (it's not documented in the man page,
but the code is there).</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue179">A potential problem with libnids though is that
it has to maintain it's own state/cache system. This not only means
additional overhead, but jumping around in the pcap file as I'm planning
on doing to handle multiple simultaneous flows is likely to really
confuse libnids' state engine. Also, libnids is licensed under the
GPL, but I want flowreplay released under a BSD-like license; I need
to research if the two are compatible in this way.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue181">Possible solutions:</SPAN>
<P>

<UL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue184">Developing a custom wedge between the capture file
and libnids which will cause each packet to only be processed a single
time.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue186">Use libnids to process the pcap file into a new
flow-based format, effectively putting the TCP/IP stack into a dedicated
utility.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue188">Develop a custom user-space TCP/IP stack, perhaps
based on a BSD TCP/IP stack, much like libnids is based on Linux 2.0.37.</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue190">Screw it and say that IP fragmentation and out of
order IP packets/TCP segments are not supported. Not sure if this
will meet the needs of potential users.</SPAN>
</LI>
</UL>

<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00042000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue193">Blocking</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue195">As earlier stated, one of the main goals of this
project is to keep things single threaded to make coding plugins easier.
One caveat of that is that any function which blocks will cause serious
problems.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue197">There are three major cases where blocking is likely
to occur:</SPAN>
<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue200">Opening a socket</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue202">Reading from a socket</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue204">Writing to a socket</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL>
<SPAN ID="hue207">Reading from sockets in a non-blocking manner is
easy to solve for using poll() or select(). Writing to a socket, or
merely opening a TCP socket via connect() however requires a different
method:</SPAN>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<SPAN ID="hue210">It is possible to do non-blocking IO on sockets
by setting the O_NONBLOCK flag on a socket file descriptor using
fcntl(2). Then all operations that would block will (usually) return
with EAGAIN (operation should be retried later); connect(2) will return
EINPROGRESS error. The user can then wait for various events via poll(2)
or select(2).</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html7"
  HREF="#foot382"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN></SUP></A>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<SPAN ID="hue215">If connect() returns EINPROGRESS, then we'll just
have to do something like this:</SPAN>
<P>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue218">int&nbsp;e,&nbsp;len=sizeof(e);</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue220">if&nbsp;(getsockopt(conn-&gt;s,&nbsp;SOL_SOCKET,&nbsp;SO_ERROR,&nbsp;&amp;e,&nbsp;&amp;len)&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0)&nbsp;{&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue383">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/*&nbsp;not&nbsp;yet&nbsp;*/</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue384">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if(errno&nbsp;!=&nbsp;EINPROGRESS){&nbsp;&nbsp;/*&nbsp;yuck.&nbsp;kill&nbsp;it.&nbsp;*/&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue385">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;log_fn(LOG_DEBUG,&#34;in-progress&nbsp;connect&nbsp;failed.&nbsp;Removing.&#34;);&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue231">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return&nbsp;-1;&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue233">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}&nbsp;else&nbsp;{&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue386">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return&nbsp;0;&nbsp;/*&nbsp;no&nbsp;change,&nbsp;see&nbsp;if&nbsp;next&nbsp;time&nbsp;is&nbsp;better&nbsp;*/&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
&nbsp;<SPAN ID="hue238">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue240">}&nbsp;</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue387">/*&nbsp;the&nbsp;connect&nbsp;has&nbsp;finished.&nbsp;*/&nbsp;</SPAN>
</DD>
</DL><BLOCKQUOTE>
<SPAN ID="hue247">Note: It may not be totally right, but it works
ok. (that chunk of code gets called after poll returns the socket
as writable. if poll returns it as readable, then it's probably because
of eof, connect fails. You must poll for both.</SPAN>
</BLOCKQUOTE>

<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00050000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue250">pcap vs flow File Format</SPAN></A>
</H1>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue252">As stated before, the pcap file format really isn't
well suited for flowreplay because it uses the raw packet as a container
for data. Flowreplay however isn't interested in packets, it's interested
in data streams</SPAN><A NAME="tex2html8"
  HREF="#foot404"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">8</SPAN></SUP></A> <SPAN ID="hue256">which may span one or more TCP/UDP segments, each
comprised of an IP datagram which may be comprised of multiple IP
fragments. Handling all this additional complexity requires a full
TCP/IP stack in user space which would have additional feature requirements
specific to flowreplay.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue258">Rather then trying to do that, I've decided to create
a pcap preprocessor for flowreplay called: flowprep. Flowprep will
handle all the TCP/IP defragmentation/reassembly and write out a file
containing the data streams for each flow.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue260">A flow file will contain three sections:</SPAN>
<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue263">A header which identifies this as a flowprep file
and the file version</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue265">An index of all the flows contained in the file</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue267">The data streams themselves</SPAN>
</LI>
</OL>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<SPAN ID="hue390"><IMG
 WIDTH="668" HEIGHT="748" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="img1.png"
 ALT="\includegraphics{flowheader.eps}"></SPAN>
</DIV>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue274">At startup, the file header is validated and the
data stream indexes are loaded into memory. Then the first data stream
header from each flow is read. Then each flow and subsequent data
stream is processed based upon the timestamps and plug-ins.</SPAN>
<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00060000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue276">Plug-ins</SPAN></A>
</H1>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue392">Plug-ins will provide the ``intelligence'' in
flowreplay. Flowreplay is designed to be a mere framework for connecting
captured flows in a flow file with socket file handles. How data is
processed and what should be done with it will be done via plug-ins.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue280">Plug-ins will allow proper handling of a variety
of protocols while hopefully keeping things simple. Another part of
the consideration will be making it easy for others to contribute
to flowreplay. I don't want to have to write all the protocol logic
myself.</SPAN>
<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00061000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue282">Plug-in Basics</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue284">Each plug-in provides the logic for handling one
or more services. The main purpose of a plug-in is to decide when
flowreplay should send data via one or more sockets. The plug-in can
use any</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue394"><SPAN  CLASS="textit">non-blocking</SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue288">method
of determining if it appropriate to send data or wait for data to
received. If necessary, a plug-in can also modify the data sent.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue290">Each time poll() returns, flowreplay calls the plug-ins
for the flows which either have data waiting or in the case of a timeout,
those flows which timed out. Afterwords, all the flows are processed
and poll() is called on those flows which have their state set to
POLL. And the process repeats until there are no more nodes in the
tree.</SPAN>
<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00062000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue292">The Default Plug-in</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue396">Initially, flowreplay will ship with one basic plug-in
called ``default''. Any flow which doesn't have a specific plug-in
defined, will use default. The goal of the default plug-in is to work
``good enough'' for a majority of single-flow protocols such as
SMTP, HTTP, and Telnet. Protocols which use encryption (SSL, SSH,
etc) or multiple flows (FTP, RPC, etc) will never work with the default
plug-in. Furthermore, the default plug-in will only support connections</SPAN><SPAN ID="hue397"><SPAN  CLASS="textit">to</SPAN></SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue299">a server, it will not
support accepting connections from clients.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue398">The default plug-in will provide no data level manipulation
and only a simple method for detecting when it is time to send data
to the server. Detecting when to send data will be done by a ``no
more data'' timeout value. Basically, by using the pcap file as a
means to determine the order of the exchange, anytime it is the servers
turn to send data, flowreplay will wait for the first byte of data
and then start the ``no more data'' timer. Every time more data
is received, the timer is reset. If the timer reaches zero, then flowreplay
sends the next portion of the client side of the connection. This
is repeated until the the flow has been completely replayed or a ``server
hung'' timeout is reached. The server hung timeout is used to detect
a server which crashed and never starts sending any data which would
start the ``no more data'' timer.</SPAN>
<P>
<SPAN ID="hue399">Both the ``no more data'' and ``server hung''
timers will be user defined values and global to all flows using the
default plug-in.</SPAN>
<P>

<H2><A NAME="SECTION00063000000000000000">
<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN> <SPAN ID="hue309">Plug-in Details</SPAN></A>
</H2>

<P>
<SPAN ID="hue311">Each plug-in will be comprised of the following:</SPAN>
<P>

<OL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue314">An optional global data structure, for intra-flow
communication</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue316">Per-flow data structure, for tracking flow state
information</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue318">A list of functions which flow replay will call
when certain well-defined conditions are met.</SPAN>
<P>

<UL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue321">Required functions:</SPAN>
<P>

<UL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue324">initialize_node() - called when a node in the tree
created using this plug-in</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue326">post_poll_timeout() - called when the poll() returned
due to a timeout for this node</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue328">post_poll_read() - called when the poll() returned
due to the socket being ready</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue330">buffer_full() - called when a the packet buffer
for this flow is full</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue332">delete_node() - called just prior to the node being
free()'d</SPAN>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue335">Optional functions:</SPAN>
<P>

<UL>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue338">pre_send_data() - called before data is sent</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue340">post_send_data() - called after data is sent</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue342">pre_poll() - called prior to poll()</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue344">post_poll_default() - called when poll() returns
and neither the socket was ready or the node timed out </SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue346">open_socket() - called after the socket is opened</SPAN>
</LI>
<LI><SPAN ID="hue348">close_socket() - called after the socket is closed</SPAN>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</UL>
</LI>
</OL>

<DL COMPACT>
<DT>
<DD><P>
</DD>
</DL>
<P>

<H1><A NAME="SECTION00070000000000000000">
About this document ...</A>
</H1>
 <STRONG><SPAN ID="hue33">Flowreplay Design Notes</SPAN></STRONG><P>
This document was generated using the
<A HREF="http://www.latex2html.org/"><STRONG>LaTeX</STRONG>2<tt>HTML</tt></A> translator Version 2002-2-1 (1.70)
<P>
Copyright &#169; 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
<A HREF="http://cbl.leeds.ac.uk/nikos/personal.html">Nikos Drakos</A>, 
Computer Based Learning Unit, University of Leeds.
<BR>
Copyright &#169; 1997, 1998, 1999,
<A HREF="http://www.maths.mq.edu.au/~ross/">Ross Moore</A>, 
Mathematics Department, Macquarie University, Sydney.
<P>
The command line arguments were: <BR>
 <STRONG>latex2html</STRONG> <TT>-nonavigation -no_subdir -split 0 -show_section_numbers flowreplay.tex</TT>
<P>
The translation was initiated by Aaron Turner on 2005-02-10
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
<DL>
<DT><A NAME="foot362">...Tcpreplay</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html1"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue47">http://tcpreplay.sourceforge.net/</SPAN>

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot370">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html2"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue102">socket(2)</SPAN>

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot371">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html3"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue108">http://www.tcpdump.org/</SPAN>

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot372">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html4"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue112">http://www.packetfactory.net/projects/libnet/</SPAN>

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot124">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html5"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD>http://netdude.sourceforge.net/

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot403">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html6"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue377">http://www.avet.com.pl/~nergal/libnids/</SPAN>

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot382">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html7"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue212">socket(7)</SPAN>

</DD>
<DT><A NAME="foot404">...&nbsp;</A><A
 HREF="flowreplay.html#tex2html8"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">8</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
<DD><SPAN ID="hue389">A ``data stream'' as I call it is a simplex
communication from the client or server which is a complete query,
response or message.</SPAN>

</DD>
</DL>
<BR><HR>
<ADDRESS>
Aaron Turner
2005-02-10
</ADDRESS>
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